![]() Visual arts provide eloquent illustrations of common mistakes made in vision. However, recent findings encourage moving beyond this presupposed primacy of vision over other senses, notably, when looking at the details of visual misperceptions. Vision has long been considered one of the main routes humans use to understand the world ( Glezer, 1995). ![]() Implications for psychopathology (in terms of positive symptoms, subjective experience or behavior disruptions) are critically discussed. Notably, it offers a holistic and convincing explanation for the perceptual changes observed in schizophrenia that might be ideally tested using illusory paradigms, as well as potential paths to explore neural mechanisms. The Bayesian formalism considers perception as the optimal combination between sensory evidence and prior knowledge, thereby highlighting the interweaving of perceptions and beliefs. We propose an integration of these findings into a common hierarchical Bayesian inference framework. The current paper aimed to review how illusions have been used to explore and reveal the core features of visual perception in schizophrenia from a psychophysical, neurophysiological and functional point of view. Although still debated, the hypothesis of a modified, and typically diminished, susceptibility to illusions in schizophrenia patients is supported by a growing number of studies. This makes illusion a valuable tool with which to explore normal perception and its impairments. ![]() Illusion, namely a mismatch between the objective and perceived properties of an object present in the environment, is a common feature of visual perception, both in normal and pathological conditions. 3Group for Neural Theory, INSERM U960, Institute of Cognitive Studies, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.2SCA-Lab, PSYCHIC Team, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.1Pediatric Psychiatry Department, University Medical Centre of Lille, Lille, France. ![]() Charles-Edouard Notredame 1,2 * Delphine Pins 2 Sophie Deneve 3 Renaud Jardri 1,2,3 ![]()
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